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B.Sc (Kano), M.Sc., Ph.D. (Ibadan)
This has been in the following areas:
(a) SEED GERMINATION, SEEDLING DEVELOPMENT AND PLANT YIELDS: using amino acids, calcium chloride, ascorbic acid and indole-3-butyric acid, pre-sowing hardening treatments were found to accelerate seed germination, photosynthetic and respiratory rates, vegetative growth, cholorophll content, enzyme activities and yields of sorghum bicolor and Pennisetum americanum (papers 5.17 and 27). Similarly, spraying of indole-3-acetic acid, gibberellic acid and coconut milk (singly or in combinations) on Amaranthus, red pepper, garden egg, sorrel and okra had tremendous effects on vegetative growth, cholorophyll content, relative water content, vitamin content and yields (papers 16, 21, 29). In likewise manner, various nitrogen sources, inorganic fertilizers and defoliation greatly enhanced seedling growth and cation content of some tropical trees and weed (papers 19, 26 and 42). The significance of these findings is the enhancement of vegetative growth and yields of crop plants, vegetables and weed using hardening and hormonal treatments as well as organic and inorganic nitrogen sources.
(b) PROXIMATE ANALYSES OF NIGERIAN SEEDS AND MUSHROOMS – Seeds of Crotalaria naragutensis and Prosopis africana were established to be rich sources of protein, amino acids and total itrogen (papers 1 and 22). Nigerian mushrooms, namely Chrolorophyllum molybditis, Pleurotus tuber-regium, Tricholoma lobayensis, Cortnarius melliolens, Termitomyces robustus, Lentinus subnudus and Volvariella esculenta were established to be rich in protein, Vitamin C and mineral elements with preponderance of these nutrients in the mature stage (papers 2, 4, 6 and 10). These findings may help in lowering protein deficiency currently facing man and animals in Nigeria. Paper 45 studied L. subnudus for its contents of antinutrients and phytochemicals.
(c) TOXICOLOGICAL SCREENING OF NIGERIAN LEGUMES AND MUSHROOMS: Mushrooms and legumes are currently being used as food items, delicacies and novelty medicines, but the edibility of some of them is in doubt. The toxicologically analysed seven mushrooms had no amatoxins and phalotoxins and were non-lethal to experimental rats (papers 18 & 43). Similarly, the toxicologically screened legumes were observed to be non-lethal (paper 20). The non-toxic mushrooms and legumes are therefore established as edible and could as such be utilized as protein sources for human and animals. This might reduce the pressure on use of groundnut, cowpea, soyabean, fish, blood meal, egg, meat, etc. as protein sources.
(d) SECONDARY METABOLITES IN NIGERIAN MUSHROOMS AND UTILIZATION OF LOCAL CARBOHYDRATES FOR CULTURING OF FUNGI – These studies revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins and anthraquinones in Nigeria mushrooms and the possible utilization of local carbohydrates (powdered grains or rice, sorghum, maize and millet) as substitutes to agar-agar and malt extract for the culturing of fungi (papers 9, 24 and 46). The presence of secondary metabolites in Nigerian mushrooms confirms their historical usage in ethno-medicine.
(e) INTRACELLULAR AND EXTRA-CELLULAR ENZYME ACTIVITIES OF NIGERIAN MUSHROOMS – Intracellular amylases, proteinase, lipase, catalase, glucose-6-phosphatase and polyphenoloxidase activities of P. tuber regium, T. lobayensis, T. robustus, L. subnudus, C. molybditis and C. melliolens increases significantly during sporophore development with greatest activities in the mature fruitbody stage (papers 3, 7 and 15). Intracellular enzyme activities in L. subnudus were found to be greater than extracellular enzyme activities (paper 30).
(f) NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR MYCELIA AND FRUITBODIES GROWTH – Soaking of substrate raw materials in 5% sugars, 0.05% vitamins, 50ppm organic acids, 0.001% phytohormones, 10% rice bran or sorghum resulted in optimum mycelial growth for L. subnudus and Pleurotus squarrosulus while fructose and peptone were the best utilizable carbon and nitrogen sources (papers 8, 13, 14 and 31). Similar results were observed with respect to Primordia formation and number of fruitbodies produced (papers 8 and 13). Agar media of local maize and sorghum at 90 and 100g/L supported equal mycelia growth as the imported malt extract agar (paper 14).
(g) SPAWN PRODUCTION – Spawns are mushroom seeds used in planting mushrooms and are of two types, grain mother and planting spawns, mixtures of sorghum grain (92%) + CaSO4 (8%) and rice straw (86%) + rice bran (10%) + CaSO4 (4%) were observed to produce the best grain mother and planting spawns for P. sajor-caju and L. subnudus (papers 23 and 31). For spawn production of Agaricus bisporus and Pleurotus ostreatus, barley and wheat straws were better than rice straw (paper 40).
(h) MUSHROOM CULTIVATION – Various cultivation methods for Pleurotus sajor-caju and Lentinus subnudus were established in papers 12, 23 and 28. For both mushrooms, the ideal cultivation substrates are unfermented compost of rice straws (86%) + rice bran (10%) + CaSO4 (4%) with biological efficiency of 40-50% being achieved and the cultivation cycle took about 60 days. Logs of Spondias mombin L. could also be utilized for L. subnudu’s frucitification. The significance of these findings is the possible cultivation of Nigerian mushrooms in homes, as mushrooms seem to be disappearing from their natural habitats as a result of agricultural activities and urbanization. Paper 38 shows that L.subnudus could be cultivated on wood logs with chemically treated logs yielding more fruit bodies.
(i) DORMANCY STUDIES – Papers 33 and 34, in which various promoters and inhibitors of germination in seeds of Parkia biglobosa were identified.
(j) PHYSIOLOGY OF SUBSTRATE COLONIZED BY MUSHROOM – Paper 35, which shows that some substrate nutrient decline, while some increase in quantities with sporocarp maturity.
(k) EFFECT OF COMPOSTING ON FRUCTIFICATION OF MUSHROOM – Paper 36 illustrates that composting has tremendous effect on mushroom fructification by causing significant increases in yield.
(l) Paper 44 gave an account of the spoilage fungi of sweet potato while paper 45 is an account of the extension activities of Biol. Sci. Dept.
REVIEW ESSAYS – Papers 37, 39 and 41 are review papers that summarise different ways by which L. subnudus could be cultivated and their economic/toxigenic importance.
(a) Member, International Mushroom Society for the Tropics, Hong Kong
(b) Member, Science Association of Nigeria
(c) Member, Botanical Society of Nigeria
(d) Member, International Society for Mushroom Sciences, London
(e) Member, International Society for Medicinal Mushrooms, Washington DC, USA
(f) Member, Nigerian Society for Experimental Biology, Ilorin, Nigeria
A. NATIONAL
(i) 1st National Congress of Science and Technology held at University of Ibadan from 14th to 20th August, 1988.
(ii) 3rd Annual Conference of Botanical Society of Nigeria held at University of Lagos from 6th to 9th March, 1989.
(iii) 5th Annual Conference of Botanical Society of Nigeria held at Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria from 6th to 9th March, 1991.
(iv) 33rd Annual Conference of Science Association of Nigeria held at University of Ilorin, Nigeria from 11th to 15th April, 1991.
(v) 6th Annual Conference of Botanical Society of Nigeria held at University of Jos, Nigeria from 29th March to 12th April, 1992.
(vi) 18th Annual Conference of Nigeria Society for Animal Production held at Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria from 1st April to 5th April, 1993.
(vii) 34th Annual Conference of Science Association of Nigeria held at Bayero University Kano from 16th to 20th December, 1993.
(viii) 35th Annual Conference of Science Association of Nigeria held at University of Agriculture, Abeokuta from 4th to 8th June, 1995.
(ix) 21st Annual Conference of Nigeria Society for Microbiology held at University of Benin, Nigeria from 3rd to 6th December, 1995.
(x) Problem-oriented Research Methodology in Agriculture (PORMA) workshop held at University of Agriculture, Abeokuta from 7th – 21st September, 1997.
(xi) Industrial training workshop on edible mushroom cultivation technology held at Federal Institute of Industrial Research Oshodi, Nigeria from 3rd-7th November, 1997.
(xii) 23rd Annual Conference of Nigeria Society for Microbiology at FIIRO, Oshodi, 1st-4th December, 1998.
(xiii) 13th Annual Conference of Botanical Society of Nigeria, held at University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, from 9th – 13th March, 2002.
(xiv) 16th Annual Conference of Botanical Society of Nigeria, held at University of Benin, Benin-City, Nigeria, from 11th – 15th March, 2007.
B. INTERNATIONAL
(i) 4th Regional Mycology congress of African Mycology Association held at the University of Nairobi and Millimani Hotel, Nairobi, Kenya, 17th-19th August, 1998. www.ku.ac.ke/schools/spas/images/stories/docs/Okemo.pdf
(iv) Biothailand 2003 held at National Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Pathamthani, Thailand, 17th-20th June, 2003.
(v) 3rd International Medicinal Mushroom Conference held in Washington DC, USA, 12-17th Oct., 2005.
C. UNIVERSITY AND COLLEGIATE SEMINARS
(i) College Leadership Seminar series No. 1 titled “Physiological and Cultivation studies on Lentinus subnudus Berk (Polyporales, polyporaceae)” – 16th June, 1999.
(ii) University Seminar entitled “Responses of Vegetable Plants to growth regulator treatments” at Moi University, Kenya – 5th November, 2002.
(iii) University Seminar entitled “Effects of pre-sowing hardening treatments of cereals on germinability, growth and yield” at Moi University, Kenya – 4th Feb., 2002.
(iv) University Seminar entitled “Studies on the metabolism and fruitbody production of Lentinus subnudus Berk, an edible Nigerian mushroom” at Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria, 9th Sept. 2003.
A. DISSERTATIONS AND THESIS
(a) Survey of protein contents and amino acids of some indigenous leguminous seeds – B.Sc. Dissertation 1981.
(b) Pre-sowing hardening treatment of cereals, effects on germinability and growth – M.Sc. Dissertation – 1983.
(c) Physiological Studies on some Nigerian mushrooms – Ph. D Thesis, 1990.
B. JOURNAL PUBLICATIONS
1. Kadiri M. (1988), Protein contents and amino acids of some leguminous seeds. Nigerian J. Sciences & Technol., 4(1): 42-46.
2. Kadiri, M.and Fasidi, I. O. (1990): Variations in chemical composition of Chlorophyllum molybditis (Mayer Ex. Fr.) Massee and Pleurotus tuber-regium (Fries) during fruit body development. Nigerian J. Science, 24 (1 & 2): 86-89.
3. Kadiri, M. and Fasisi, I. O. (1990): Studies on enzyme activities of Pleurotus tuber-regium (Fries) singer and Tricholoma lobayensis Heim at various fruitbody stages. Die Nahrung, 34(8): 695-699.
4. Fasidi, I. O. and Kadiri, M. (1990): Effect of maturity on the nutrient value of two Nigerian mushrooms. Tricholoma lobayensis Heim and Cortinarius melliolens Fries. Nigerian J. Botany, 3, 41-47.
5. Kadiri M, (1990): Effect of amino acids on pre-sowing hardening treatment of Sorghum biocolor, L. Nigerian J. Basic & Applied Science 4 (1 & 2): 13-20.
6. Fasidi, I. O. and Kadiri, M. (1990-91): Changes in nutrient contents of Termitomyces robustus (Beeli) Heim and Lentinus subnudus Berk during sporophore development. Acta Botanica Hungarica, 36(1-4): 167-172.
7. Fasidi, I. O. and Kadiri M. (1991): Changes in enzyme activities of Termitomyces robustus (Beeli) Heim and Lentinus subnudus Berk during sporophore development. Food Chemistry, 39: 109-116.
8. Kadiri, M. (1991): The effects of chemical soaking of substrate raw materials on the mycelial growth and fructification of Lentinus subnudus Berk. Mushroom J. Tropics, 11 (3 & 4), 53-58.
9. Kadiri, M. and Fasidi, I. O. (1992): Secondary plant products in some Nigerian mushrooms. Nigerian J. Botany, 5: 187-192.
10. Fasidi, I. O. and Kadiri, M. (1993): Effect of sporosphore maturity on chemical composition of Volvariella esculenta (Mass) Singer, a Nigerian Mushroom, Die Nahrung. 37(3): 269-273.
11. Kadiri, M. (1993): Collection and preservation of mushrooms. Proceed Nigerian Science Teach. Assoc. National Biology Workshop, pp. 46-50.
12. Fasidi, I. O. and Kadiri, M. (1993): Use of agricultural wastes for the cultivation of Lentinus subnudus (Polyporales: Polyporaceae) in Nigeria Rev. Biol. Trop. 41(3): 411-415.
13. Kadiri, M. (1994): Effect of additives on mycelial growth and fructification of Pleurotus squarrosulus (Polyporales: Polyporacae) Rev. Biol. Trop. 42(1 & 2): 49-52.
14. Kadiri, M. and Fasidi, I. O. (1994): Growth requirements of Lentinus subnudus, Berk, a Nigerian edible mushroom. Chem.. Mikrobiol. Technol. Lebensm. 16(3/4): 80-84.
15. Kadiri, M. and Fasidi, I. O. (1994): Enzyme activities of Chlorophyllum molybditis and Cortinarius melliolens at different sporophore stages. Biologia Plantarum 36(4): 607-611.
16. Kadiri, M. (1994): Effect of IAA and coconut milk on vegetative growth of Amaranthus hybridus, Nigerian J. Sciences vol. 28.
17. Fasidi, I. O. and Kadiri, M. (1994): Effect of presowing hardening treatments on the germination and vegetative yield of Sorghum bicolor L. (Moench) and Pennisetum americanum L. Nigerian J. Science Vol. 29.
18. Fasidi, I. O. and Kadiri, M. (1995): Toxicological screening of seven Nigerian mushrooms. Food Chemistry, 52: 419-422.
19. Agboola, D. A. and Kadiri, M. (1995): The effect of different sources of Nitrogen on growth and cation contents of 3-months old seedlings of six tropical tree species. The Malaysian Forester, 58(3); 74-81.
20. Kadiri, M., Bedri, B. A. and Ajao, S. S. (1996): Toxicological screening of some Nigerian wild legumes. Rev. Biol. Trop., 44: 269-274.
21. Kadiri, M., Mukhtar, F. and Agboola, D. A. (1997): Responses of some Nigerian vegetables to plant growth regulator treatment. Rev. Biol. Trop., 45(1): 23-28.
22. Agboola, D. A. and Kadiri, M.(1998): Chemical analysis of seeds, determination of cation composition, total nitrogen and crude protein in seeds of Prosopis africana. Journal of Tropical Forestry, 14(2): 103-106.
23. Kadiri, M. (1998): Spawn and fruitbody production of Pleurotus sajor-caju in Abeokuta, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Botany, 11: 125-131.
24. Kadiri, M.(1998): Utilization of local carbohydrates as substitutes to agar-agar and malt extract for the culturing of Fung. Nig. Journa of Microb. 12: 42-44.
25. Kadiri, M. and Obembe, O. O. (1999): Biochemical studies on human milk from Abeokuta, Nigeria. Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 5(1); 59-61.
26. Agboola, D. A. and Kadiri, M. (1999): The effect of defoliation and inorganic fertilizers on the growth of some tropical tree seedlings. Journal of Tropical Forest Science. 11(4): 672-679.
27. Kadiri, M. and Hussaini, M. A. (1999): Effect of hardening pretreatments on vegetative growth, enzyme activities and yield of Pennisetum americanum and Sorghum bicolor. Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 5(2): 179-183.
28. Kadiri, M. (1999a): Cultivation of lentinus squarosulus (Mont.) Pegler on uncomposted substrate in Nigeria. Global Journal of Pure and Applied Science, 5(1): 41-43.
29. Kadiri, M. (1999b): Effect of indole-3-acetic acid and coconut milk on the vegetative growth and yield of red pepper, Capsicum annuum L. Global Journal of Pure and Applied Science, 5(3): 313-316.
30. Kadiri, M. (1999c): Changes in intracellular and extracellular enzyme activities of Lentinus subnudus during sporophore development. Bioscience Research Communications, 11(2): 127-130.
31. Kadiri, M. (1999d): Nutritional requirements of Lentinus subnudus berk, a Nigerian edible mushroom. XVI International Botanical Congress, Abstract No. 4604, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
32. Kadiri, M. and Kehinde, I. A. (1999): Production of grain mother and planting spawns of Lentinus subnudus Berk. Nigerian Journal of Botany, 12: 37-44.
33. Fasidi, I. O., Tsamani, E. R., Kadiri, M. and Agboola, D. A. (2000): Studies on growth inhibitors and promoters in dormant and germinating seeds of Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) T. Br. Don. Nigerian Journal of Botany, 12: 37-44.
34. Fasidi, I. O., Tsamani, E. R., Kadiri, M. and Agboola, D. A. (2001): Dormancy types and water uptake in seeds of Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) R. Br. Don. Global Journal of Pure and Applied Science, 1: 14-20.
35. Kadiri, M. (2002): Effect of sporocap maturity on chemical composition of substrate colonized by Lentinus subnudus Berk. ASSET – An International Journal, 1(1): 27-30.
36. Kadiri, M. (2002): Effect of composting on fructification of Lentinus subnudus Berk. ASSET – An International Journal, 2(1): 105-109.
37. Kadiri, M., Arzai, A. H.and Aliyu, B. S. (2003): Mushrooms and mankind. African Journal of Material and Natural Sciences, 3(2): 105-109.
38. Kadiri, M., Arzai, A. H. (2004): Cultivation of Lentinus subnudus Berk on wood logs. Bioresource Technology, (London) 94(1): 65-67.
39. Kadiri, M. and Arzai, A. H. (2004): Cultivation systems for Lentinus subnudus Berk (Polyporales: Polyporaceae). African Journal of Material and Natural Sciences, Vol. 4 (In Press).
40. Kadiri, M., Ahoya, N. and Machambo, J. (2004): Spawn production of Agaricus bisporus and Pleurotus ostreatus. Biological and Environmental Sciences Journal for the tropics, 1(1): 1-8.
41. Kadiri, M. and Koech, J. (2004): Toxigenic Mushrooms, their forms, toxins, toxic effects and antidotes. Biological and Environmental Sciences, Journal for the tropics 1(1): 9-11.
42. Agboola, D. A., Idowu, W. F. and Kadiri, M. (2006): Seed germination and seedling growth of Tithonia diversitolia, the Mexican sunflower, Rev. Biol. Trop., 54(1): 395-402.
43. Kadiri, M. (2005): Toxicological evaluation of Lentinus subsnudus an indigenous Nigerian mushroom (Polyporales). International Journal of Medicinal mushrooms, 6(3): 416-417.
44. Kehinde, I. A. and Kadiri, M. (2006): Post-harvest spoilage fungi of sweet potato. Biological and Environmental Sciences Journal for the Tropics, 3(2): 158-159.
45. Kadiri, M., Agboola, D. A., Ayodele, M. S., Adegbite, A. E. and Kehinde, I. A. (2006). Extension activities of the Dept. of Biological Sciences. In: New Horizon in specialist extension support system in Nigeria. Agricultural Media Resources and Extension Centre publication No. 1 of University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria. pp 55-58.
46. Kadiri, M. and Adegboye, O. T. H. (2006). Antinutrients, mineral element and phytochemical contents of Lentinus subnudus, an indigenous Nigerian mushroom. Biological and Environmental Sciences Journal for the Tropics, 3(3): 132-134.
47. Kadiri, M., Kehinde, I. A. and Adegboye, O. T. H. (2007): Responses of Lentinus subnudus Berk to varying pH and photoperiods. Nigerian Journal of Science, Vol. 42 (In press).
C. PUBLISHED BOOK
Haruna, A.B., Hussain, M. A. and Kadiri, M. (2004): A Biology Laboratory Handbook. ISBN978-3376-27. Amoidu Publication, Kano, Nigeria.
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